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Clinical Trials Australia
Over the last few decades, medical research has been published showing
evidence of Curaderm-BEC5 as a safe and effective skin cancer treatment Several international scientific groups have since confirmed Curaderm-BEC5's scientific work and endorsed Dr Cham's conclusions as to how and why BEC exerts its anticancer properties. For reputable evidence this is extremely important. |
Independent Scientists
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Independent
scientists throughout the world have confirmed my hypothesis as
evidenced by their publications and/or citations as follows -
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Published research and Clinical Trials
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The following articles have been published between 1987 and 2003 in highly respected medical journals, Such journals are read by medical practioners and scientific researchers so they can be informed of important medicinal developments.
Glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L. are Effective in the Treatment of Skin Cancers in Man Cham, B. E. and Heather Meares, M. M. (1987). Cancer Letters 36, 111-118. Summary A cream formulation containing glycoalkaloid purified from the plant species Solanum sodomaeum L. is effective in the treatment of the malignant human skin tumours; basal cell carcinomas (BCC), squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and the beign tumours; keratoses and keratoacanthomas. Histological analyses of biopsies taken before, during and after treatment give compelling evidence of the efficacy of the formulation. The treated lesions did not occur at least 3 years after c essation of therapy. The observed complete regressions were; 20/24 for the BCCs; 5/6 for the SCCs; 23/23 for the keratoacanthomas. Biochemical, haematological and urinanalytical studies demonstrated that there were no adverse effects on the liver, kidneys or haematopoietic system during treatment. Normal skin treated with the formulation likewise was free from adverse histological or clinical effects. The data indicate that glycoalkaloids of this type are therefore potentially useful in the treatment of several types of human skin cancers. Introduction have resulted in the identification of well established antineoplastic agents such as vincristine. It has also been reported that extracts from the Solanum species are effective in treating cancers. (1) More recently, the glycoalkaloid B-solamarine which is extracted from S. dulcamara was shown to posses anticancer properties (2). In a previous paper it was reported that S. sodomaeum L.contains a mixture of glycoalkaloids; the aglycone which is present in all the glycoalkaloids is solasodine (3). This communication shows evidence that these glycoalkaloids are effective against Sarcoma 180 activity in mice. Some toxicity studies of these glycoalkaloids are also presented. HPLC of glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L Planta Med, 1987 Most recently, it was also shown that glycoalkaloids extracted from the fruit of another Solanum species namely Solanum sodomaeum L. possessed antineoplastic activity both in mice (3) and in humans. In this paper, we report the extraction, identification and purification of these glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L. HPLC of glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L Cham, B. E. and Wilson, L. (1987). Planta Med. 53, 59-61. Abstract Glycoalkaloids were extracted from plant material of Solanum sodomaeum L. High-performance liquid chromatographic studies indicated that several glycoalkaloids were present. The sugar moiety of the glycoalkaloids consisted of a mixture of glucose, rhamnose, and galactose. Mass spectral analyses showed that all the glycoalkaloids contained solasodine. Solasodine and solamargine were identified and were of the glycoalkaloids from plant material, expressed as glycoalkaloid/100g wet weight, was highest for ripe fruit (0.83+-0.11), followed by unripe fruit (0.45+- 0.08), leaves (0.14+_0.01), and stems (<0.04) with progressively decreasing yields. Over twofold difference glycoalkaloid yield was observed when ripe fruit of two districts was extracted. Introduction Many well- known alkaloids currently used in Medicine are extracted from plants. B-solamarine, a glycoalkaloid extracted from Solanum dulcamara is a tumour inhibitor (1,2). Most recently, it was also shown that glycoalkaloids extracted from the fruit of another Solanum species namely Solanum sodomaeum L. possessed antineoplastic activity both in mice (3) and in humans. In this paper, we report the extraction, identification and purification of these glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L. Monograph on the compound BEC Drugs of the Future, 1988 More recently, it was shown that the anticancer properties derived from glycoalkaloids. The glycoalkaloids from various Solanum species identified as having anticancer properties (3-5, 7-9) are (B-solamarine (8), solaplumbin(9) and BEC (3-5). HPLC of glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L Cham, B. E. and Wilson, L. (1987). Planta Med. 53, 59-61. Abstract Glycoalkaloids were extracted from plant material of Solanum sodomaeum L. High-performance liquid chromatographic studies indicated that several glycoalkaloids were present. The sugar moiety of the glycoalkaloids consisted of a mixture of glucose, rhamnose, and galactose. Mass spectral analyses showed that all the glycoalkaloids contained solasodine. Solasodine and solamargine were identified and were present at similar concentrations, representing 6 7% of the total extracted glycoalkaloids. The extraction yield of the glycoalkaloids from plant material, expressed as glycoalkaloid/100g wet weight, was highest for ripe fruit (0.83+-0.11), followed by unripe fruit (0.45+- 0.08), leaves (0.14+_0.01), and stems (<0.04) with progressively decreasing yields. Over twofold difference glycoalkaloid yield was observed when ripe fruit of two districts was extracted. Introduction Many well- known alkaloids currently used in Medicine are extracted from plants. B-solamarine, a glycoalkaloid extracted from Solanum dulcamara is a tumour inhibitor (1,2). Most recently, it was also shown that glycoalkaloids extracted from the fruit of another Solanum species namely Solanum sodomaeum L. possessed antineoplastic activity both in mice (3) and in humans. In this paper, we report the extraction, identification and purification of these glycoalkaloids from Solanum sodomaeum L. CURADERM-BEC5 The Medical Journal of Australia, 1989 Although curaderm-BEC5 has been marketed since 1987 as a treatment for solar keratoses only (which aspect was not addressed by Beardmore et al.'s investigation) subsequent to this study many patients with basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas have been treated by (R.E); all showed complete regression (unpublished observations) and some patients have demonstrated marked regression - both clinical and histologically of the metastases of melanoma. CURADERM, To the Editor Ross Evans, MB RS. (1989). The Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 150 To the Editor: In response to the letter by Beardmore et al. (MJA, January 2, 1989), we wish to bring to readers' attention, the results of our development and research on the treatment of skin lesions with Curaderm. Studies over the past 10 years have shown that some Solanum species contains glycoalkaloids' that are effective in the treatment of internal cancer in animals 2.3. These glycoalkaloids (in the formulation BEC 02) have been shown to be effective in treating skin cancers in humans. Twenty eight patients with 62 lesions that included keratoses, keratoacanthomas, and basal cell and squamous-cell carcinomas were studied. Histological examination showed conclusively that after follow-up studies indicate clearly that no recurrences have occurred. Our subsequent studies have discovered the mode of action of the glycoalkaloids (unpublished observations), and with this knowledge, Curaderm was formulated as has been shown to be superior to the earliest BEC 02 preparation in the treatment of skin cancers. The studies by one of us (R.E) of the treatment of 30 patients with 74 solar keratoses with Curaderm, which contains the new glycoalkaloid preparation, showed complete regression in all cases. No clinical regression was noted in eight patients who received placebo. No recurrences have been noted over three years. Although curaderm has been marketed since 1987 as a treatment for solar keratoses only (which aspect was not addressed by Beardmore et al.'s investigation) subsequent to this study many patients with basalcell and squamous-cell carcinomas have been treated by (R.E); all showed complete regression (unpublished observations) and some patients have demonstrated marked regression - both clinical and histologically of the metastases of melanoma. Unfortunately, Beardmore et al. did not consult us before undertaking their study. What their study does prove is that if such skin lesions are not treated correctly, as directed by the prescribing information that is supplied with Curaderm, complete regression will not occur. References Ross Evans, MB RS 1 St Paul Terrace Spring Hill, OLD 4004 Bill E. Cham PhD Department of Medicine, University of Queensland Clinical Science Building, Royal Brisbane Hospital Herston Road, Herston. QLD 4029. Brian Daunter PhD Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Queensland Clinical Science Building, Royal Brisbane Hospital Herston Road, Herston. QLD 4029. Topical Treatment of Premalignant Skin Lesions by Very Low Concentrations of a Standard Mixture (BEC) of Solasodine Glycosides Skin Cancers with Curaderm-BEC5. Cancer Letters, 1990 A cream formulation containing high concentrations (10%) of a standard mixture of solasodine glycosides (BEC) has been shown effective in the treatment of malignant and benign human skin tumours Solasodine glycosides. Selective Cytoxicity for Cancer Cells and Inhibition of Cytotoxicity by Rhamnose in mice with sarcoma 180 Cancer Letters, 1990 Solasodine glycosides have antineoplastic activity in cell culture [1-3], animal[1,2,4,5], and in human [1,2,6,7 Cham and Evans, unpublished data]. It has been demonstrated that specific endogenous lectins which are present on the plasma membranes of susceptible cells recognize and bind the sugar moiety of the solasodine glycosides [2,3]. The glycosides are subsequently internalised and cause cell death [2,3]. Solasodine glycosides. Selective Cytoxicity for Cancer Cells and Inhibition of Cytotoxicity by Rhamnose in mice with sarcoma 180 Cham, B. E., Daunter, B. (1990). Cancer Letters, 55, 221-225. Summary BEC, a standard mixture of solasodine glycosides is effective in vivo against murine sarcoma 180 (S180), whereas the aglycone solasodine at equimolar concentrations is ineffective. The efficacy of BEC against S180 in vivo can be inhibited by rhamnose. Mice which are in their terminal stage administration of BEC at concentration of BEC three times the LD100 for normal mice. These observations suggest that the binding of solasodine glycosides on tumour cells may be mediated through the monosaccharide rhamnose, which forms part of solasonine, solamargine and di-glycosides of solasodine in BEC. Furthermore, these results provide evidence that BEC selectively destroys tumour cells relative to normal cells in vitro. Introduction Solasodine glycosides have antineoplastic activity in cell culture [1-3], animal[1,2,4,5], and in human [1,2,6,7 Cham and Evans, unpublished data]. It has been demonstrated that specific endogenous lectins which are present on the plasma membranes of susceptible cells recognize and bind the sugar moiety of the solasodine glycosides [2,3]. The glycosides are subsequently internalised and cause cell death [2,3]. It was previously shown that a standard mixture of solasodine glycosides (BEC) [8] is effective in vivo against murine S180 [1,2,4]. In such studies, BEC was injected in single and multiple doses upto 4 days after administration of S180[4]. Rhamnose is not found in mammalian glycoconjugates but forms part of solasonine, solamargine and diglycosides of solasodine in BEC. It was considered that specific receptors for this sugar may be present on cancer cells (absolutely or in greater abundance) relative to normal cells. If these receptors exist, rhamnose would be expected to inhibit the cytotoxic effects of BEC. Here we show that rhamnose inhibits the efficacy of BEC, and that the aglycone solasodine is not effective against murine S180. It was previously shown that mice which were inoculated intraperitoneally with 5 x 10 S180 tumour cells all died between days 12 and 20 after administration of S180 cells [4]. We now also demonstrate that mice in their terminal stage with S180 can tolerate and become symptom-free of cancer by a large single dose of BEC.The mice tolerate BEC at concentrations which are equivalent to 3 times the LD100 of control normal mice. Topical treatment of pre-malignant and malignant skin cancers with Curaderm-BEC5. Drugs of Today, 1990 Curaderm-BEC5, a topical preparation of a mixture of solasodine glycosides (BEC) which are present in some solanaceous plants, has become available to Australian practioners for the treatment of cutaneous solar keratoses, basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Topical treatment of pre-malignant and malignant skin cancers with Curaderm. Cham, B. E., Daunter, B. (1990). Drugs of Today 26, 55-58. Introduction To have a suntan has become fashionable in the last 60 years, and people have increasingly felt that exposing their skin to the sun is a healthy, happy thing to do. However, the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum produced by the sun as light, in particular U.V.B (320-290nm), is responsible for producing long term solar skin damage (keratosis) and skin cancers. Curaderm, a topical preparation of a mixture of solasodine glycosides (BEC) which are present in some solanaceous plants, has become available to Australian practioners for the treatment of cutaneous solar keratoses, basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). This review covers the attributes of Curaderm within these concepts of pathogenesis and therapeutics. Solasodine glycosides as Anti-cancer Agents. Pre-clinical and Clinical studies. Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology, 1994 Solamargine a naturally occurring solasodine triglycoside binds to the EELs and this interaction intiates a chain of events, resulting in the internalisation of solamargine with concomitant delivery of solasodine to the targeted cell. Solamargine travels via the desmosomes to the lysosomes. The action of solamargine is lysosomotropic (rupturing of the lysosomeThese events result in sudden cell death. Solasodine glycosides as anti-cancer agents: Pre-clinical and Clinical studies. Cham, B. E. (1994). Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology. 9, 113-118. Introduction There is a resurgence in the interest of solasodine-containing species of Solanum. Previously most of the interest of solasodine-bearing plants was due to their potential conversion to synthetic drugs. However, more recently it was shown that some biological activity of the original glycosides is present. Certain solasodine glycosides have been shown to have anti-cancer properties. The alkaloid solasodine on its own does not appear to be antineoplastic. The solasodine has to be conjugated to specific sugars in order to posses the anti-cancer properties. An equally important observation was recently reported. Endogenous endocytic lectins (EELs) which are endogenous sugar receptors have been biochemically characterized in tumours. There are qualitiative as well as quantitative differences in histochemical patterns of certain carbohydrate binding proteins in tumours. Solamargine a naturally occurring solasodine triglycoside binds to the EELs and this interaction intiates a chain of events, resulting in the internalisation of solamargine with concomitant delivery of solasodine to the targeted cell. Solamargine travels via the desmosomes to the lysosomes. The action of solamargine is lysosomotropic (rupturing of the lysosome). These events result in sudden cell death. The efficacy of solamargine for killing cancer cells depends on the specificity of receptors on these cells for the recognition of solamargine. In this review, attention is drawn to solasodine glycosides and their actions on cancer cell relative to normal cells. |