Most people think sunscreen is only for the summer months, but UV radiation is a year-round concern. Exposure to UV rays can cause damage to your skin that can lead to skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, at any time of the year, regardless of whether it is cloudy or cold.
In fact, over 90% of non-melanoma skin cancers are linked to UV exposure. Both UVA and UVB rays are harmful to the skin, with UVA causing deep skin damage and UVB causing sunburns and direct DNA damage.
Here’s how you can protect your skin year-round, in every season and weather condition.
Use broad-spectrum sunscreen daily
The use of SPF 30+ sunscreen, which protects both UVA and UVB rays, should be used daily. If you spend time outdoors, apply sunscreen in the morning and reapply every two hours. Remember to apply to the ears, the back of the neck and the lips and ensure thorough reapplication. For those of us who use cosmetics, sunscreen is often found in skin creams and foundations. On its own, it isn’t enough – we recommend using a separate sunscreen, and anything extra from cosmetics can be viewed as a bonus.
Don’t skip winter protection
It is also necessary to protect your skin from the sun in the winter because snow reflects the sun’s rays, doubling your exposure to them while skiing or walking in the snow. Sunscreen should be applied to your face while wearing UV-protecting sunglasses.
Wear protective clothing
The combination of long sleeves, a wide-brimmed hat and UPF-rated clothing gives you an extra layer of protection. Choose lightweight breathable fabrics during summer and wool or fleece during cold seasons.
Limit sun exposure during peak hours
The UV levels are highest during the period between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., even in the winter. When possible, stay in the shade or in your house during this time.
Check the UV Index
Use a weather app to check the daily UV index. It is recommended to be extra cautious when the UV index rating is three or higher, even if it is cloudy.
Be extra careful around water, sand, and snow
The sun’s rays are reflected by water, sand and snow, which increases your exposure to the sun and your skin cancer risk.
Consistent protection of your skin throughout the year is one of the most effective measures to decrease the likelihood of developing sun-related skin damage. The prevention of precancerous conditions like actinic keratosis is also essential because if left untreated, they may evolve into more severe forms of skin cancer.